Gratis roulette. com! Feb 2, 2022 Roulette Games With Free Play Games without free play 171 results Medal Software Tags Sort by Live Roulette Bulgarian Live Roulette Russian Vibra Gaming European Roulette Dragon Roulette Urgent Games European Roulette Funky Games Virtual Roulette Online roulette is an exciting game of chance that offers far more possibilities than in a real casino. Gratis roulette

 
com! Feb 2, 2022 Roulette Games With Free Play Games without free play 171 results Medal Software Tags Sort by Live Roulette Bulgarian Live Roulette Russian Vibra Gaming European Roulette Dragon Roulette Urgent Games European Roulette Funky Games Virtual Roulette Online roulette is an exciting game of chance that offers far more possibilities than in a real casinoGratis roulette  Return to player

Der er mange online casinoer, som har sådan en velkomstbonus til dig. Spillet er sjovt, og grafikken gør det uforglemmeligt. It’s very safe, just close the window if you didn’t. With more than 500 casino games to choose from including online slots and table games like roulette and blackjack, JackpotCity is your go-to place to play and be entertained. Roulette is a popular casino game throughout the world. Here’s how you play American roulette in a step-by-step form: Choose your bet. The Best Roulette Strategies. And now it's available on your computer, phone, and tablet for free from 24/7 Games! This HTML5 roulette game is playable from the browser of all of your devices - no app or flash download required! The future of gaming is here with Spring Roulette. His Serbian partner did even better, making £684,000 from his initial £60,000. The single-zero Roulette games offer the best return to player (RTP) percentage and the lowest house edge. Play Free Roulette. Slots. The selected entry will show up on the screen. 3%. Du får den hurtigt og nemt ind på kontoen. Toch, zal je na verloop van tijd merken dat er iets mist. Så trykker du på "Spin" og afventer resultatet. Try video poker for free and learn the basic. Check out the game lobby and select a roulette game you’d like to try. 3. Entdecken Sie die top Blackjack Online Casinos und mehr als 60 spannende Blackjack Spiele hier bei uns (jetzt gratis, ohne Download und ohne Anmeldung spielen)See below for the best places to play free roulette online. The inside bets are the higher payout because the odds are high. Best of all, you can play online roulette for free at nearly all Internet casinos and that means plenty of practice roulette games to hone your skills. Known Bugs. net. Immediate Bonus Chips. Users can engage in text, audio, or video chat with that user. European roulette has slightly better odds than American roulette. There are more versions of this game than the other two versions of roulette combined. European Roulette (BeGames) by BeGames. com or charlotte, and you can find a partner a lot in common very soon. Dann bist Du hier richtig, eine kostenlose Roulette Version wie in einem Online Casino. You’ve just discovered the biggest free online slots library. Therefore, you have to bet on the multiplier you think the slider will stop at, and if you are right, then you can multiply your bet by thousands of times if you are lucky enough. Book of Tut Megaways by Pragmatic Play. Random video chat. 3. Players make bets with virtual chips, so in case of a losing bet , they don’t lose any money. Provider ini telah menerbitkan ratusan game slot paling gacor dan permainan live casino termasuk Roulette online yang terus mengalami perkembangan signifikan. When you are well acquainted with the game, we suggest playing the online roulette for real money to stand a chance at winning big. If you place a single £10 chip on any number, you have a 1 in 37 chance of winning. Chat with random people all over the world instantly. Try Live Roulette online for free in demo mode with no download or no registration required. Choose the value of your chip, then click on the area of the table where you want to place your bet. Unknown Type of roulette. Află mai multe despre ruletă live în ghidul nostru! Joaca gratuit Joacă pe bani reali. Online roulette works very similarly to the. French Roulette plays just like the European variant, with the same 37-numbers regardless if you play for free or not. Escolha um jogo que goste na nossa seleção de jogos de roleta grátis, clique para abri-lo e deve estar pronto para fazer a sua primeira aposta. For the benefit of new players, here's a step by step guide on how to claim a no deposit roulette bonus. Most aren’t quality replications and don’t offer that feeling of actually betting real money. Realistic Roulette by Realistic games. Spil roulette gratis med velkomstbonusser. Live roulette is a more immersive experience and allows you to socialize at the same time: you can play against a real croupier without leaving your home, chatting with him and other players connected to that table. 26% house advantage on the American roulette wheel. All you need to know is that in this variant there is a special five-number bet called “basket” and the chances of winning are slightly lower due to the double 0 pockets. Du vælger bare et spil i vores udvalg af gratis roulette-spil, klikker for at åbne det og placerer din første indsats. Here we’ve ranked the quickest payout and fastest withdrawal online casinos USA players can enjoy. org! Scegli tra oltre 40 tipi di roulette e gioca senza download o registrazione!French Roulette Wheel and Table. 967 partidas! Juega gratis a este juego de Ruleta y demuestra lo que vales. us is legal in all US states except, Idaho, Kentucky, Nevada, New York, and Washington. Founded in 1998, JackpotCity is a top online casino for real money which is licensed and eCOGRA-certified to be safe and fair. Free online slot machines & other games. Free Chat Now. Maak beter gebruik van uw tijd online willekeurige videochat. Use our free games to practice gameplay and betting strategies before you start playing for real money. Choose a roulette table with a low minimum bet and a high maximum bet. Players interested in learning how to play roulette can read the guide below for advice. The app is 100% free. Fortune Finder with Sarati by Real Dealer Studios. It takes its name from the French “little wheel” and is widely available in many versions at both online and brick-and-mortar casinos. Pragmatic’s Roulette is a classic European Roulette game that puts you right in the center of the casino. Im Demo-Modus kannst du Online-Casino Roulette kostenlos gegen den Computer spielen. We bring you a motley variety of options that will stick with you and make your gameplay a lot. Roulette. Bets are placed on the numbers 0,00 and 1-36. Get to know the rules. No download or registration required. Similar games to Mega Fire Blaze Roulette. Spela och utveckla dina roulettestrategier gratis och utan registrering. Our platform offers the latest online dating concept - chat with guys and girls from around the world!. You can play free roulette online at Red Dog Casino. Playing free roulette is a good starting point for those new to the game. BetRivers Casino –🎁 100% Deposit Match up to $1,000. 100 Diamond Bet Roulette by Origins (playtech) Roulette Evolution by Darwin gaming. The slots from 1 to 36 are colored either black or red and the slots numbered 0 and 00 are colored green. All users of video chat want the same thing - the opportunity to chat with someone who is interested in them: for this you need a chat roulette. For example: First, you need to find a suitable online casino, open an account, and make a deposit. If the ball lands on the chosen number, you win free chips. All these are designed to make the gameplay more seamless and fun for players. Double Street Quad – For those looking for larger wins. A distinctive feature of this game is the ability to choose the revolver you like and customize it. BetMGM – Best Roulette Site Overall. Red Dog Casino. You can bet on any specific number or on a possible outcome like red or black. Oferta Superbet Live pune la dispoziție câteva variante apreciate de ruletă europeană, inclusiv cea foarte cunoscută a producătorului EGT (Virtual Roulette). lv with up to $7500 in bonus money now! 2. Roulette 3 D is an excellent way to sit down and just practice the game. If you're new to roulette, the goal is to predict where in the wheel a small ball will land. Bet on the Banker or Player to see who gets closest to 9. Classic Roulette (OneTouch) by OneTouch. Playing European Roulette for Free and Real Money. Send Message. If you like CS:GO crash games, then you will love this special roulette version. European Roulette (NetEnt) by NetEnt. To play roulette, select your chip amount. Once you're ready to leap, be sure to check out our top online roulette sites for the best games and bonuses. Live French Roulette. Questions. So there you. Stake provides a wide array of online. Then you place chips on a single number or available field. g. European Wheel & Table. Also, this free Chatroulette webcam chat system works without a registration procedure. Red Dog Casino – Best overall site. It has a single “0” and doubles “0”, thereby giving it a boosted house edge over other Roulette versions. You can now play baccarat online for free or try real money baccarat for exciting payouts. Wherever you are, you’re at the Live Casino! Experience the real Las Vegas anywhere, as a real dealer spins the Roulette wheel and deals you 21. With 20p Roulette, the players gamble using a chip size of 20p or 20c. Spin the Wheel to make decisions. Real Roulette with George by Real Dealer Studios. 35% when the following rules are in effect, ‘La Partage’ and ‘En Prison’. Hit the Spin button and wait for the ball to fall into a pocket. Open the demo, and you’ll be connected with a live dealer and a free table. Immediate Bonus Chips. HopefullyLastOne - Free Roulette Ticket. Select a chip from one to 500 to the right of the screen and the minimum wager for one bet position is three, and the maximum is 500. You can learn how to play roulette and try most of the games above for free and real money. Roulette trainer for Android; Roulette trainer for iOS; Below, we go through all the features and game modes of the simulator in more detail. All the sites here offer you bonus money that can be used to play online roulette. PlipoPlushReward3 —Redeem for a Schiwi with some. Try to claim these promos to help. Something for everyone — Webcam Chat with Strangers. Firstly, you can play online roulette for fun no download. Chatroulette is a free dating site for random meetings with girls and guys. Sweet Alchemy 2 by Play'n GO. Enable Your Camera: Grant the site permission to access your camera and microphone for full functionality. Immortal Desire by Hacksaw Gaming. Who to find? everyone. Roulette (Pragmatic Play) by Pragmatic Play. With a free online roulette game, you can learn the rules of the game and. This is a simulation and NOT a real money paying game. The future of gaming is here with Winter Roulette. 4. 99 per month. In addition. Ruff Heist by Play'n GO. Face cards are worth 10, aces either one or 11. Check that metal ball rolling on the roulette wheel! Yeah, we’ve spent buckets of sweat and blood, creating this simulator, but it's. Play for Free Play for Real Money Roulette Simulator Roulette Simulator is a game which is imitating a roulette in a solid brick-and-mortar casino. 100% GRATIS: Roulette kostenlos spielen solange Du willst Übungsspiel wie im Online Casino 1000 Coins Spielgeld kostenlos Roulette spielen! Vor dem Spiel mit Echtgeld sollte man sich in Ruhe ersteinmal mit dem Roulette Tisch vertraut machen. Fair Roulette Slider by Worldmatch. De uitkomst wordt bepaald door de Random number generator. Play on tables for single-player and online multi-player games with millions of players from all over the world. All wheels spin, meaning you must bet across all of them. Play Roulette Videoslot by Pragmatic Play for free. lv’s mobile-optimized website gives you access to several great American and European roulette games as long. The difference is that it is offered in the comfort of your home. lv Casino features more than 100 Vegas style slot machines. Visit Chat-Chatroulette. Gratis Roulette: Free Multiplayer Roulette. Exclusive Free Roulette Simulator Simulate a Complete Game of Roulette Wheel. Play on tables for single-player and online multi-player games with millions of players from all over the world. American Roulette with the 0 & 00 has a house edge of 5. Here are the seven best free online roulette games that you should try today: European Roulette at Red Dog Casino. The players abide by the same rules. This software cannot be used for real money gambling. Play over 850 free casino games right here. Start Your Video Chat for Free Now. The odds vary slightly based on the type of roulette game that is played. Experience Casino on Roulette Royale with the best designed roulette wheel. Once it loses momentum, the ball will land in a pocket revealing the winning numbers. To illustrate this roulette strategy, we’ll bet $10 on red. RouleGENIUS Roulette Predictor can be used on all devices: mobile, tablet, iPad, laptop, PC, and Tower PC. With demo games of roulette. No download or registration is needed. Most Popular FREE Online Casino Games in 2023 - Play 13,500+ games 12,000+ Slots 150+ Blackjack 185+ Roulette 145+ Video Poker plus more!Free Online Roulette Canada. Your name *. ⭐ Best no deposit casino casino. Bets start from 0. But you don’t even have to look for an online casino to play Mini Roulette — you can play it for free on our site! Payouts. By now you've set it up. It’s a chat room style app with tons of servers. And now it's available on your computer, phone, and tablet for free from 24/7 Games! This HTML5 roulette game is playable from the browser of all of your devices - no app or flash download required! The future of gaming is here with Fall Roulette. To play roulette, select your chip amount. In this particular roulette, you can from 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, or 100 chips. Software: Roulette77. Of course, this results in lower payouts, although some bets can offer 1,300/1 odds which is. To get the best free roulette systems that really work, see the top 5 proven roulette systems and the video series below. The fun will bloom with Spring Roulette! Roulette is a popular casino game throughout the world. Zoom Roulette at BetUS. Two balls deliver two winning numbers from a single spin. If you are looking for a easy to understand and slow paced table game, and are willing to sacrifice on the house edge, then you may like roulette. To cover a wider area, you can put more chips on the roulette table. 7% versus 5. A low bet means any number between 1 and 18. Roulette Max win. Vi har dog også gjort en indsats for dem, der ønsker at satse rigtige penge og måske vinde noget. If you're trying out roulette for the first time, you should read up on the rest of my site while having a game going in the background. Game Features : • Offline EUROPEAN and. Highway Legends by Play'n GO. Fortune black by InBet. Play our European Roulette Simulator to improve your skills! European. Play Online Roulette (Top 10 casinos - updated 2023) - Enjoy the best roulette online casinos right here. Price: Free / $4. Dragon Jackpot Roulette. Spinning the roulette wheel at RoyalPanda is every bit. 5 / 1495 votos. 647+. Og det er med god grund – det er nemlig super sjovt og underholdende. Rascal Riches by Play'n GO. Test out your betting strategies and polish up your roulette skills with our free roulette demo, supporting all the functionalities of the real-money American Roulette table: Play. That is because we offer a selection of roulette games that are ready to play in demo mode. A low bet means any number between 1 and 18. Choose an already set up system or invent your own. Roulette77. About VirtualSlots. Play American Roulette with Live Dealer! Bitstarz. Here you can find new like-minded people, funny companions and enjoy communicating with them at any time of the day or night. The main game is played with a wheel and colored pockets with alternating black and red. All games. 24/7 Support. These are the types of available called bets: Neighbors of Zero - A bet on all 17 numbers near to the green zero. Step 1: Pick an Online Roulette Casino and Register. Accepts AU players. • You’ll easily find a game of interest with over 1000 of the most popular Slots. All minor details of a roulette wheel are considered, so the gambling is fun,. You can learn more in our article about roulette rules. The rules of double-zero American roulette are: The house edge is 5. Double Up Roulette (NetPlay TV) Double Up Roulette offers players the chance to play live online casino games having two games in one; Roulette Express and Roulette Express Premium. Open the demo, and you’ll be connected with a live dealer and a free table. The operators have come up with a way to indulge the players allowing the gaming aficionados to try 20p Roulette in demo mode. Du kan placere bets, se hjulet spinne og se, hvor kuglen lander på hjulet. The demo game works well with Playmoney and can be played infinitely. Randomly pair with someone, then start an anonymous conversation! Video Chat. Throughout the years, it remains one of the easiest gambling forms to master, it also depends on luck more than slot machines and other games. The game imitates the roulette wheel in a way that it is a solid brick-and-mortar casino game. A European roulette wheel has 37 pockets, 18 are red, 18 are black and 1 is green. You might be familiar with EGT slots, but the company's product portfolio is very vast and includes video slot games, jackpot systems, gaming machines, free online roulette games, mobile gaming platforms, mobile play-station, and semi-electronic free online blackjack tables, as well as a wide range of gaming accessories. European About game Roulette is a roulette game by OneTouch. That's why you can find different ways of video chatting on our website. You can play free roulette online here via your web browser. Roulette with Rachael by Real Dealer Studios. About Envavo’s Free Roulette Game. American Roulette (BGaming) by BGaming. Better still, are the fantastic online Roulette free promotions available. If you are looking for a easy to understand and slow paced table game, and are willing to sacrifice on the house edge, then you may like roulette. It's written by professionals who are really earning a living from roulette. The main feature of video roulette chat is its unique gender filter. European roulette has slightly better odds than American roulette. Online Roulette For Real Money Vs. Casino Action. 3% Max Bet: 100 Min Bet: 1 Tip joc: Ruleta Taguri joc: roullette, roulette, ruleta, joc ruleta, Pacanele online ruleta, Ruleta europeana. Divertiti con le migliori roulette gratis del 2023 di Casino. Roulette FX by CandleBets. Chatrandom: This site is similar to Omegle and also has millions of users. En velkomstbonus uden indbetaling er en gratis gave fra casinoet, som du kan prøve roulette spil for. With various options to choose from, you can practice and familiarize yourself with the different game variations and strategies before deciding to play online roulette for real money. Similar games to American Roullete 3D (Evoplay) Maxi Roulette by Swintt. 1600+. If the ball lands on zero, you lose. Play roulette immediately, no download, no money, no registration, simply in your browser. Experiment and win! Game features: FREE CHIPS – Come back to the game every day and get free chips. Charoulette video chat with strangers! Only2chat, the best chatroulette platform for video chat. Many players view it as a mathematical model of a real roulette game; when playing either a land-based or a virtual one, the. Registration is optional to use our gender and language filters for our chatroulette alternative. Play over 13,000 free US online slots games (2023) from top US providers. 20p Roulette: How to Play 20p Roulette for Free and Boost Wins. Inschrijven of software downloaden is niet nodig. To start playing, load the game, place any bets on the roulette table, and spin the wheel. skullemoji2 —Redeem for an Island Voucher. Ducky Luck: Best welcome bonus. Play roulette immediately, no download, no money, no registration, simply in your browser. Welcome to the BEST roulette app for free American and European tables! Download it free now with the BIGGEST casino bonus of 2,000,000 free bonus casino chips. You can choose to remove it from the wheel by using the 'Remove' button. First, you need to pick the size of the bet. Roulette is a popular casino game throughout the world. Det er ikke noget problem at spille gratis roulette på internettet. You will have a random cam chat with someone who is as adventurous as you are. Incearca toate jocurile de ruleta online gratuit si fara riscuri. Random wheel, or also known as Lucky Wheel, or Picker Wheel, is a free online app to make random giveaways in an easy and funny way. About this app. You learn which bets offer the most chances to win. American roulette. The croupier then spins a ball around a wheel in the opposite. And now it's available on your computer, phone, and tablet for free from 24/7 Games! This HTML5 roulette game is playable from the browser of all of your devices - no app or flash download required! The future of gaming is here with Fall Roulette. As soon as the ball has fallen, the winning number has been determined and all payments have been made, the game begins again- the ball is re-launched along the roulette chute and players can bet again. Test the most famous betting systems with our roulette simulator app. Roulette Simulator is the roulette server for free online roulette games for fun and research. Latest developments of the game: Play the real game On Internet. Just go to the site, enter your gender and press the start button! Search girls Search everyone Rules. 4. In this game, there are up to 8 separate wheels and balls in play at the same time. Up to £1250. The RTP is 98. 5 / 1491 votos. Red Dog Casino. VegasSlotsOnline is one of the biggest free casino games hubs on the web, and a common question our readers ask us is whether free American roulette is the same as the real money version. Piggy Bankers by Pragmatic Play. To place a 6-line bet with just 1 chip, place the chip on the edge of 2 adjoining streets. Sherwood Gold by Play'n GO. Hit the Spin button and wait for the ball to fall into a pocket. If you want to find out more about online roulette, just keep reading!Play Baccarat Online Free or for Real Money in November, 2023. #1 Trusted and Regulated PlatformGet for free. Space Invaders Roulette: Multipliers of up to 200x are added to the roulette table once a spin begins. The game imitates the roulette wheel in a way that it is a solid brick-and-mortar casino game. Once you're ready to leap, be sure to check out our top online roulette sites for the best games and bonuses. Chatroulette is a free online video chat website. Ruleta europeană este, indiscutabil, printre cele mai populare jocuri de roulette free. Games Global (Microgaming): Multi-Wheel Roulette Gold Series, Cashout Roulette, European Roulette. A winning Straight-Up bet on Zero is a push when it should pay 35 to 1. Win big on over 200 authentic Vegas slot machines, from 3-reel classics to the latest Las Vegas hits, and the same name-brand Video Poker, Blackjack, and Roulette you know and love from the casino floor. Most Popular FREE Online Casino Games in 2023 - Play 16,000+ games 12,000+ Slots 150+ Blackjack 185+ Roulette 145+ Video Poker plus more!Double Zero Roulette has two zeros along with numerous betting options and a greater house edge with lower stakes. You can choose between outside bets like Red/Black, Odd/Even, 1-18, or 19-36. Start playing for Real Money or Free on your device!Free Roulette Games from Top Providers. The roulette trainer simulates how a real money roulette game works. Zoom Roulette at BetUS. Keno is a lottery-like game of chance where you pick numbers from 1 to 80 every round. Load the game. Juega a ruleta online gratis en 2023 – 40 juegos de ruleta europea, francesa y americana online por diversión, sin descarga y sin inscripción. Heist for the Golden Nuggets by Pragmatic Play. Play American Roulette Online at Top Rated Casinos in 2023 - Learn more about the game, special rules, strategies & give it a try with our FREE play options!Play Free Online Roulette Games. Caesars Online Casino — This is a reputable online operator with both classic and exotic roulette variants. Dankzij Microgaming kan je sinds 1996 flash online roulette voor geld spelen. 70%. For example, 1,2,3 is a Street, 4,5,6 is a Street and so on. Like all other casino games, roulette can be played absolutely free of charge. Free Online Roulette ⚡ How to play roulette Roulette rules Our Roulette Simulator is the best in whole World ⭐ Just spin a roulette wheel and you will never stop ⭐ No. It has French Roulette, European Roulette, American Roulette, and more, and many of its games are provided by RTG. Numerous online casinos provide free demo versions of European Roulette, enabling players to relish the game’s thrill without risking real money. Safe, secure & reliable banking - should you choose to play with real money. Franco, also offers free roulette games in Spanish and English. The house edge in European Roulette is just 2. If the ball lands on zero, you lose. Ruleta gratis online. The point of playing free online roulette is to practice and get better at the game you love, so if you’re not enjoying it, then it’s not working. All their characteristics and features are well described even before signing up. Here you can free online roulette, without signing up or registering, and get the same experience as playing in real casinos. În al doilea rând, fiind chiar mai important decât primul aspect menționat,. Diamond Bet Roulette by Origins (playtech) World Cup Roulette by Inspired Gaming. Best Mobile Roulette Casinos & Apps (2023) Whether you prefer free or real-money games, or American over European roulette, our team of roulette experts at Online Gambling has got you covered when it comes to playing roulette on the go. American Roulette at Bovada Casino. To cover a wider area, you can put more chips on the roulette table. American Roulette (Urgent Games) by Urgent Games. The analytics system was tested in Real Money Games. You can play for as long as you want and jump from one free roulette game to the next. Op je eigen voorwaarden, zonder kans op verlies. Moreover, some games pay with multipliers, meaning their payout potential is much higher. D’Alembert – For players with a large bankroll available. Payouts and other betting options are the same. Non-progressive betting in roulette. Playing roulette online is quite easy. Run the small ball on CasinosAvenue is now possible. Run the small ball on CasinosAvenue is now possible. 26%). Bonus Chips daily. 97. Before you go on trying to win, though, let's see how the European Roulette game is played. Once it loses momentum, the ball will land in a pocket revealing the winning numbers. Load the game. Real Roulette con Laura by Real Dealer Studios. The virtual roulette is also instantly available online for 24\7. Here we have free alternatives of popular chats, such as ChatRoulette, Omegle and Bazoocam, enjoyed by people from all over the world! Millions of people have already enjoyed our service, guys and girls from Canada, Mexico, Germany, Russia, Ukraine, France. Hier kun je gratis roulette spelen tegen de casinosoftware. Zoom Roulette (Betsoft) by Betsoft Gaming. Play 190+ games instantly! Play free roulette games online. Make new friends, find a date, show off your talents, ask for advice, talk politics, or. Doe mee met kooklessen, bekijk doe-at-home workout video's of leer gitaar online met een van onze coaches. Bovada – Best. And now it's available on your computer, phone, and tablet for free from 24/7 Games! This HTML5 roulette game is playable from the browser of all of your devices - no app or flash download required! Play free online roulette – Choose from 190+ of the best free roulette games, no download or registration needed, at OnlineGambling. Omegle provides a free online chat app which will allow you to talk to strangers around the world instantly. Play over 850 free casino games right here. American Roulette at Bovada Casino. How to play roulette online free. Find a game you want to play. Anyone wanting to only send messages, join this section. Slots. From classic, much-loved slots like Starburst and Twin Spin to attractive table games such as roulette and blackjack, this is where you can find all of your favourite NetEnt games packed together in one place. It gives you an idea of what it's like to play roulette at online casinos. To play in a game of roulette, first locate the roulette table layout. And now it's available on your computer, phone, and tablet for free from 24/7 Games!Free American Roulette Online vs Real Money American Roulette. Use our free games to practice gameplay and betting strategies before you start playing for real money. Explore the world’s largest selection of free online casino games. Outside bets payouts are 2 to 1 and 1 to 1.